To determine how common an identity is, researchers look to distinct administrative repositories rather than single-click consumer tools. Each database operates on different sample periods and collection methods.
| Data Repository | Core Metrics Tracked | Collection Source | Structural Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social Security Administration (SSA) | First name distribution data (1880, 2025) | SSN card applications at birth | Omits surnames; excludes deaths unless matched to Death Master File |
| U.S. Census Bureau | Surname frequency ranking (Top 162,000+ names) | Decennial national household counts | Does not link first names to last names in public summary files |
| Forebears Global Database | Cross-border name prevalence & density | Aggregated civil registries, phone books, voter rolls | Varying record completeness across developing jurisdictions |
| National Archives (NARA) | Genealogical census archives | Historic federal population schedules | Bound by the 72-year statutory privacy embargo (1950 is latest public) |